Key Takeaway: The Congolese government and Rwandan-backed M23 rebels signed a nonbinding peace framework roadmap agreement, but most key provisions remain unresolved, face many challenges, and are far from implementation. Negotiations will almost certainly remain

The Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, today convicted Ali Muhammad Ali Abdelrahman, known as ‘Ali Kushayb’ and referred to as the ‘Colonel of Colonels’, on 27 counts of war

Head of the Sovereignty Council and Commander-in-Chief of the SAF, Lt Gen Abdelfattah El Burhan confirmed the fall of El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur, to the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), amid reports

While the main warring parties — M23 rebels and Congolese national army — struggle to silence their weapons in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, despite continuing peace initiatives, the region’s civilians continue to

As Somali pirates make a comeback, collaboration is key Overstretched naval deployments and a focus on Red Sea security have left parts of the Western Indian Ocean vulnerable. Somali pirate activity in early November 2025

Africa-Index-2025-WEBDownload

Key Takeaways: Figure 1. Africa File, November 20, 2025 Democratic Republic of the Congo The Congolese government and Rwandan-backed M23 rebels signed a peace framework agreement. Senior representatives from the two sides signed the framework

Jihadists aligned with the Islamic State group ambushed Nigerian security forces in northeastern Borno state, killing two soldiers and two anti-jihadist militia members, sources said Saturday. Fighters from Islamic State-West Africa Province (ISWAP) opened fire

According to the Army statement, the troops “courageously fought through the insurgents ambush with superior fire power,” forcing the attackers to withdraw in disarray. The Nigerian Army has confirmed that four security personnel—two soldiers and